October 15th, 2006

Edelman, Wal-Mart and the Loss of Control in Media

by Scott Karp

  •  Comments

It’s inevitable that a PR firm like Edelman would create a phony blog for one of its clients (in this case Wal-Mart — see Shel Holtz for a great analysis). For all of the hype over “conversation” as the new media paradigm, no one has yet figured out how to use conversation to reliably achieve any business objectives. So Edelman naturally fell back on the approach that has worked for decades — control the conversation by manufacturing it, because if you can’t control the conversation, then you can’t make it do what you want. Edelman wanted to make consumers think that Wal-Mart is a hip place that you’d want to use as the anchor point for a roadtrip. The problem is it’s not. And because blogging is not a conrol-based medium, Edelman couldn’t make Wal-Mart appear to be something it’s not. It rang false, and they got caught.

The control infrastructure of media is beginning to unwind. Copyright holders can’t control the distribution of their content. Brands can’t control their images through mass advertising. So, gripped by fear, brands and media companies are embracing the new paradigm of ceding control and engaging in a conversation. The problem is that no one has figured out how to make money in all instances by letting people run off with their content and brands, as wonderfully liberating as it all seems.

If you have a great established brand like Apple, or a great new product, like an iPod, then sure, let people run away with your brand, because most people will say good things about it and encourage other people to use it. But if you have a problematic brand like Wal-Mart or GM, where a lot of people think your product/service is socially irresponsible, for example, then letting people control your brand is going to perpetuate your image problem. The only real solution is to improve your product or service — which is a lot harder than vague notions of “conversation.”

As for ceding control of your content, look at what happened to the music industry. Illegal file sharing crippled music sales, and the only saving grace has been the iTune platform, which functions by rigidly controlling distribution.

Media companies cutting deals to distribute video content will profit IF the “free” distribution is only a promotional channel and most people still consume that content on channels that those media companies control. But if distributed platforms like YouTube become the preferred channel for video content, then those media companies will lose the control mechanism that enables them to profit — and they’ll be left with whatever revenue Google, with its ultimate control over information pathways and distribution, chooses to “share” with them.

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  • Mary
    I happened to attend a conference on Web 2.0--The Future of PR in NYC last week. Steve was one of the presenters. They all talked on and on about how to harness the power of the internet through "engaging customers in authentic conversations"...lots of PR Speak, but not much substance or "how-to's.". Personally, I felt the only interesting information centered on whether PR/Marketing folks will try and infiltrate the "authenticity" of the internet "conversation." I pointed out that the internet is so powerful to consumers because at the tips of their fingers they can get real, unbiased, helpful information on most anything--including brands and products. But as soon as it becomes obvious that you can't trust if the info is real or manufactured (which I pointed out is often quite apparent), than the internet will no longer be a powerful (trusted) tool for consumers. They will reject the blogs as suspect and/or they will shun the brands and products who are trying to manipulate the internet. Either way this PR ploy will fail if it is not genuine. I believe marketing on the internet can be done. Endorsements have worked in traditional marketing and I'm sure brands can be upfront about asking for customers to share their positive experiences on their websites. This may not be slick or clever, but it beats false advertising anyday!
  • PJ
    Walmart stores stink.
  • I find the actions of Edelman no more egregious than the typical CBS, ABC, CNN, or NPR diatribe spewed out daily. To say these organizations are objective is laughable. We no longer have objective news, just opinion and 30 second sound bites.

    Walmart is at war with UFCW, (United Food and Commercial Workers Union). Why is no one reporting on the thousands of bogus complaints by the Walmart haters? The UFCW has a large playbook and will stop at nothing to keep on discrediting Walmart. Edelman has to come up with creative ways to combat this vicious attack by UFCW that no one is reporting on. This is simply an example of another "in-the-trenches" Walmart is having to do to try and counter the UFCW onslaught.

    You aren't finding many places condoning what Edelman did but I want to make damn sure that everyone recognizes the tactics of the unions agianst Walmart. This comment may be only 1 in 5,000 places you'll be seeing this, certainly not in the newspapers or the television news.
  • I’m sure Edelman and Wal-Mart thought they were just “experimenting” — there’s a lot of shareholder value to be destroyed with failed experiments.


    Yes, and there's a lot to be gained, too. I'd have thought Edelman would know better, though, given the things I've heard and read from Rubel.

    so much of the hype around “conversation” and ceding control makes it sound easy, when in fact doing it in a way that achieves business objectives is actually really hard.


    I agree, which is why it's important to keep trying new things. The question is whether the new things you're trying are reasonably smart... or not.
  • Mario
    Just more evidence that that "Micropersuasion" guy has absolutely no clue what he's talking about.
  • James Bruni
    Brilliant analysis. I wrote an oped for Odwyer's when the Andy Youg flap erupted. It generated a lot of heat from the Edelman PR blog experts. But, I think even they realize how bankrupt this Blogosphere stategy is. Your commentary is surely the dagger.
  • Well I don't really believe in blog ethics. The Wal-Mart blog was stupid but so is the idea of taking a blog on Wal-Mart's website seriously. I don't even take my own comapnies blogs seriously. In fact, the only blogs that are taken seriously here are the ones employees take camera phone snapshots of confidential products. I pretty much assume that any corporate blog is phony in one way or another.

    Corporate blogs aren't much different than commercials. Just about every commercial is manufactured and tries to create a false image about the company and it's usually really obvious. If people are looking for some kind of journalistic integrity I think they have the wrong medium.
  • Seth,
    How large, do you estimate, is the universe of successful "faked" blogs (assuming it's possible to arrive at a meaningful definition of "faked")?
  • You think: "because no one is going to be interested in reading an honest and transparent blog"

    Right. So they fake it. To make something that *looks* honest and transparent, but is in fact a marketing ploy. Lonelygirl15, anyone? The fact that someone is going to mess up on this sometimes, hardly means it can't be done.
  • Max,

    Indeed -- perhaps the answer is to shut down the advertising department and give all the money to the product and customer service department. Or maybe you have one "brand steward" who also blogs and then spends the rest of the time flogging product and customer service folks to do right by the customers (and prospective customers).

    Seth,

    It’s got nothing to do with “control-based medium”, which is a backhanded way of setting up an unfalsifiable argument (anyone who gets caught, proves that bloggers are just so gosh darn smart and clever they’ll catch fakers - but the uncaught fakers don’t get noticed!).

    Let me put it another way -- I don't see any way that Wal-Mart could make effective use of corproate blogging, because no one is going to be interested in reading an honest and transparent blog -- and they have no control mechanisms to force people to do so -- and any effort to manufacture an intersting voice rings false.
    Kareem,
    I'm sure Edelman and Wal-Mart thought they were just "experimenting" -- there's a lot of shareholder value to be destroyed with failed experiments. I agree that there is no option other than to experiment, because the control infrastructure is unwinding -- but so much of the hype around "conversation" and ceding control makes it sound easy, when in fact doing it in a way that achieves business objectives is actually really hard.
    Charlie,
    An interesting analysis.
  • "Illegal file sharing crippled music sales..."

    This actually isn't true. I thought it was for a long time, being a college student when Napster was big, but I worked on a co-investment in the buyout of Warner Music and studied this hard. There were two much larger factors at play. Big box retail started killing off mom and pop record shops and music-only stores to a much greater degree than the web. Even the demographics that weren't web savvy weren't buying music anymore, because people shopped at Walmart more and Walmart hardly carried any of the catalogue that the music only stores did. More focus was put on DVDs and video games which were a much higher profit margin per inch of shelf space compared to CDs. Plus, mobile revenues went up... $5-7 a month in text messaging and another $5-7 a month in ring tones... that's a CD a month when you consider a finite entertainment budget. I know this point is small in the grand scheme of your post, but I think it needs to be addressed.
  • Regarding: "The problem is it’s not. And because blogging is not a control-based medium, Edelman couldn’t make Wal-Mart appear to be something it’s not. It rang false, and they got caught."

    Umm, they sent out a PRESS RELEASE. How much more this-is-fake can you get? It's got nothing to do with "control-based medium", which is a backhanded way of setting up an unfalsifiable argument (anyone who gets caught, proves that bloggers are just so gosh darn smart and clever they'll catch fakers - but the uncaught fakers don't get noticed!).

    In fact, the real story is they followed the Kool-Aid recommendation for blog success, and failed miserably, because blogging is in fact a highly gatekeepered medium, and they had no gatekeepers involved.
  • The problem is that no one has figured out how to make money in all instances by letting people run off with their content and brands, as wonderfully liberating as it all seems.


    These companies are experimenting, which is a Good Thing. These days, you likely won't improve your business by holding on to control unless your product is aboslutely killer (see Apple). Experimentation is the way to figure out what works and what doesn't. Experimentation doesn't have a clear ROI, and it's this attitude that's absolutely killing old media companies. If you're not part of the solution, Scott...

    As for ceding control of your content, look at what happened to the music industry. Illegal file sharing crippled music sales, and the only saving grace has been the iTune platform, which functions by rigidly controlling distribution.


    The music industry didn't "cede control" of its content. In fact, they struggled mightily against the rising tide of piracy, instead of figuring out how they could use decentralized distribution to their advantage. Steve Jobs stepped in and the labels are now beholden to him; they're better off in the short term, and arguably worse off in the medium-to-long term.

    Ultimately making a product that aligns more closely with customers' needs is the way to win. The question is how much you're willing to experiment to figure out how to more closely align your business' success with customer needs, without a guarantee of an immediate return on your investment.
  • Well written!

    I think it certainly does speak to using blogs as a marketing medium -- and a strong caveat to the mantra "every business should have a blog".
  • Scott,
    Agree with everything. But I also think that organizational silos are at the heart of the challenge for companies that wan to cede control to consumers, while making thier product better. I recently wrote about three huge ones in light of P&G's chief's keynote at the ANA last week: 1) Legal; 2) Advertising; 3) Customer Service. A fourth big one would be product. See here: http://attentionmax.com/blog/2006/10/_are_marke...
    - Max
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